Rightly Ordered Affections

In recent weeks, I've tried to keep a phrase in my mind: "rightly ordered affections." It has been to my benefit to do so; today I share what it means and why it has helped me.

In the early fifth century, St. Augustine of Hippo wrote The City of God. In it he discusses (among many other things) the order of love:

It seems to me that it is a brief but true definition of virtue to say, it is the order of love

This idea has been called ordo amoris, or rightly ordered affections. Love in its proper hierarchy or sequence. And he argues (rightly) that getting our loves disordered is sinful. Why?

The Bible lays it out in Matthew 22:35-40:.

35 One of them, an expert in the law, tested him with this question: 36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”
37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”

Here Jesus presents the two great commandments. Summarizing, 1) Love the Lord with all you have, and  2) Love your neighbor as yourself. 

Loving God comes first, before all else. Jesus demonstrated this throughout His life; the man with power to heal the world focused first on loving the Father. He routinely withdrew alone to pray (Mark 1:35 and elsewhere), He was tempted by the devil but focused on and worshipped the Lord (Matthew 4:1-10), and He had his own desires—and made them plain to the Father!—but always bowed to the Father's will (Matthew 26:36-46). 

Loving your neighbor as yourself comes second. 

Both loving God and neighbor doesn't come easily or naturally to us. In the Fall, we put ourselves above God and worshipped the creation over the Creator (Romans 1:18-32). That can include loving people or other good things over God; to Augustine's point, it is loving out of order. Tim Keller makes the same point said another way: 

Idolatry happens when we take good things and make them ultimate things

Sometimes we think our desires are wrong (and to be clear, some desires are wrong). But some desires are good—if in their proper place. And it is helpful to remember both that 1) they are good but 2) ONLY if they are subordinate to God.

Our desires can be good, and God wants to hear about them because He cares for us. He wants us to pray for things (Philippians 4:6-7). When we cast our needs and cares on Him, we are showing him that we believe He cares and can do something about it. He might give us what we wish; he might not (there are plenty of examples of both in the Bible). Either way, we come to Him with our requests, confident in His goodness but subordinate to His will, knowing if He withholds something we request—even something good!—it is for a good reason (whether or not that is ever clear to us in this world).

Here's an example. One of my 'ruling passions'* is peace. Peace is good! The Bible says that blessed are the peacemakers (Matthew 5:9). But is also says that Jesus has come not to bring peace but a sword (Matthew 10:34-39). That's no contradiction; it is the reality of truth (the Son of God) coming into a world of darkness. There will be clashes. And in that same passage, Jesus says "Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. " Here we see this concept of ordering: "more than me" is, in this passage, putting love of family ahead of love of God. It is doing anything to keep the peace when a conflict is (regrettably) needed. So while we strive for peace, we strive more for God. We seek and pray for peace, but must be willing to enter into conflict when necessary. Whenever I avoid needed conflict, I am putting my love for peace (a good thing!) above God. And that is wrong.

So, "rightly ordered affections." It is a phrase I've tried to keep in my mind at work, home, church, or wherever I need it. When I see conflict coming and I want to run? "Rightly ordered affections." When I'm tired and need sleep (another good thing) but my wife needs help? "Rightly ordered affections." Or when I want to finish this post but my son comes in saying he lost his earbud in the lawn and needs help finding it?** Ugh . . . "rightly ordered affections." 

For me, repeating this phrase has been helpful; it has reminded me to seek God first while validating the other desires I have are okay—in their proper order. 

*a term I read recently from a great book on spiritual health—review coming soon

**yes, this literally just happened

Reflecting on the 2026 World Cup

That's a wrap! Spain just won the 2026 World Cup.

Soccer has a special place in my heart. It is the first (and primary) sport I played on an organized team. It is the only sport I have ever refereed (I've officiated games in two countries and two spurts—in the late '90s and late '00s). I love it . . . and there are parts I can't stand about it. All the emotions come to the fore every four years during the World Cup. 

The 2026 World Cup is now in the books; 48 teams played 104 games in 16 host cities, most of which were in the USA. I watched more of this Cup than any other . . . and I have some opinions. But first, the group stage and knockout brackets.

The Group Stage

The groups; image from here

The 48 teams (expanded this year from the normal 32) in this World Cup were organized into 12 four-team groups (see above image). Each team played against all others in their respective group. Draws were fine. By points, the top two teams from each group (and the third-place team in eight of them) advanced to the knockout stage.

The Knockout Stage

The knockout stage; image from here

In prior years, the knockout stage featured the top 16 teams, but since this year's tournament expanded the field to 48 teams, the first round of knockouts was the round of 32. 

On to my likes/dislikes.

Likes

• The kit. All national teams change their kit every couple years (2 or 4, I don't remember and I think it depends anyway). It's always fun seeing what a given country is wearing, from the expected (like Argentine stripes or Croatian checkers), to bold new designs, to homages to classic jerseys of decades past. Eight examples below . . . note the subtle details some feature. Norway's was a particular favorite this year. This ESPN article shows and ranks all the kit.

• The team names. National team nicknames can be basic, straightforward . . . or hilarious. You can see a complete list here; my favorites are the Socceroos (Australia), The Selection (Argentina), The Team (Germany), The Three Lions (England), Orange (Netherlands), The Tartan Army (Scotland), The Canal Men (Panama), The Pharoahs (Egypt), and The Chivalrous Ones (Jordan).
• The camaraderie. Soccer is the world's sport. Fans come together for love of country and/or love of the game. It's fun to watch that play out. This year, to list a few examples, the Scottish fans drank Boston out of beer, the Norwegian fans had a viking 'row' routine, and the Japanese cleaned up stadiums. 
• The skills. There is no denying the technical skill of players on the pitch. My favorite are one-touch passing sequences, sometimes involving no-look passes or step-overs. But the strength and accuracy of the passes/shots, the goalie acrobatics, the timing to avoid offsides . . . it is all impressive.
• The tension. Is soccer the only sport whose game end is up to the referee? There are two 45-minute halves, but each has stoppage time, a discretionary number that ranges from 1 to 9 minutes of added play to account for the fake injuries (see below) and other delays. But even that number (made public at the start of stoppage time) in only a guide, and stoppage time can have its own delays that adds more time, meaning they play until the ref decides to stop. It makes for nail-biting uncertainty in close games.
• Cape Verde. This year's sweetheart was Cape Verde; the island nation drew with Spain, made it to the knockout round and took Argentina into extra time. Incredible performance from such a small nation. You can view their highlights vs. Argentina here.
• Select players. Erling Haaland (Norway), Jude Bellingham (England), Lionel Messi (Argentina), Vozinha (Cape Verde), Folarin Balogun (America), and Marc Cucurella (Spain) are a few of the players who stood out to me this World Cup. This is a team game, but individual talent shines through.

Dislikes

• The low scores. Let's be honest . . . in any sport, we like scoring. In soccer, goals are scarce . . . and it can be a yawn-fest (unless both teams are pressing and just failing to finish). England vs. France in the consolation game (a 6-4 thriller) shows how much more exciting this game can be when both teams commit to the attack. Consider:
• In this WC, there were 308 goals in 104 games, about 3 scores per game.
• 120 goals came in 21 of the games, meaning 188 came in the remaining 83 contests; just over 2 goals per contest. 
• By comparison, other popular sports score more often. The NHL (6 goals per game), MLB (9 runs per game), and football (45 points per game, divided by 7 = 6.4 scores per game) blow soccer out of the water in this category.
• Turtling. Some teams 'turtle' (hunker down and play defense) from the start or if they go up. This is effectively giving up goal-scoring opportunities and hoping that playing your entire team on defense will deny goals to your opponent. It doesn't always work (see England or Egypt vs. Argentina this year), and it is annoying to watch.
• Flopping. Soccer is a unique sport in that theatrics pay off. When a player is brushed, lightly touched, or looked at, the average soccer player falls over, rolls around wildly and grabs a body part (generally, the ankle or head) writhing in pain. Everyone else on the field throws up their hands and looks at the official, clearly expecting a foul will be called on the other team. If it is, 'great.' If it isn't, the nearly-dead player just hops up and starts playing again. Or they keep rolling around if they want to really sell it (and/or just give everyone on the field a break as the ref whistles in an ambulance or whatever). Then they hop up later. To top it off, announcers buy into it completely. They analyze the play, see a player fall over for basically no reason, and fawn over them, bemoaning the 'injury.' Sheeeeeeesh.
• Games ending in penalty kicks. What a terrible way to end any game. But in the knockout stages, this is the way draws are resolved (after an extra period of play). Penalties decided four games in this Cup. One of them went against Germany. Not that I'm bitter.*
• Draws. In this World Cup, 25 games ended in draws. I'm indifferent to those. I guess.
• Certain fouls. Maybe the rules have changed since I was refereeing**, but I was shocked at some of the fouls that got red cards in this tournament. Players both going for the ball . . . a foot comes down in the wrong spot and the player is sent off. Ridiculous in my mind. Related: I don't know how many goals were disallowed due to questionable fouls, but it felt like the refs looked for reasons to keep the scoring down.
• Delays in calling fouls. When I was refereeing, the only time you didn't call a foul upon recognition is when the fouled team had the ball and advantage (in which case you allowed them to play on). In this tournament, apparently, you can call fouls when:
• it happened a half-minute earlier (offsides calls were notorious for this)
• it happened on the other side of the pitch, minutes earlier
• it happened on the other side of the world, days earlier
• Team USA (vs. Belgium). For whatever reason, the USA just cannot master men's soccer.
• The common hairstyle. AI tells me that this "textured crop with a mid-fade is one of the most popular men's hairstyles, combining short, choppy layers on top with clean, faded sides." Alex Baena (below) showcases the look. Many other players did in this Cup. I wasn't a fan; echoes of mullet.

Alex Baena (Spain)

Jury's Still Out

• The expanded format. Increasing the teams by 50%? More teams can be thrilling (see Cape Verde above); it can also mean more 'chaff' can get in, diluting the talent level and making for embarrassing blowouts.
• VAR. This year they used a team of Video Assistant Referees (VAR). In certain cases, the on-field ref could appeal to VAR (and review the footage himself) to determine if any calls needed to be adjusted. I'm of mixed mind here . . . on the one hand, every ref wants to get it right, and if video can aid that, why not? On the other, several VAR episodes this WC caused only drama (going from 'no foul' to 'red card' is a bit much to me). I think this is best used for offsides or offenses that happened away from a referee's vision vs. things he sees and calls on the field.

Final Thoughts

The fact that I watched so much indicates where my heart lies—I love this game. It was delightful to see it on U.S. soil (and thus at reasonable times), I'm glad the games were largely broadcast over the air so I could enjoy them, and the likes listed above outweighed my dislikes. It was fun to see the world come together and celebrate. Until next time, world. See you in four years.

*I am. But I concede that the Germans didn't deserve to win.

**They didn't. I checked. Okay, they did, but not in ways relevant to my point.

A Declaration Worthy of Reflection

The Bennington Flag. Image from here

Happy 250th Birthday, America!

On July 4th, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the revised Declaration of Independence, making today our nation's birthday. (Side note: they voted for independence on July 2nd, but then spent two days revising wording of the Declaration, finally approving it on July 4th.)

You can (and should) read a transcript of the Declaration of Independence here. Here is my summary:

First paragraph: When a people need to dissolve political ties, they should explain why.

Second: I'll quote the first half as it is the most famous:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government . . .

Governments shouldn't be dissolved for just any reason, but the King of Great Britain is terrible and we need a change.

List: It then lists 27 reasons why the King is terrible.*

Third: We've presented our grievances repeatedly and humbly, but we get only more injury in return. A person who acts like this is a tyrant and unfit to rule.**

Fourth: We told the British people, too, but they also ignored us. We thus must separate and "hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends."

Fifth: We thus declare "That these United Colonies are . . . Free and Independent States . . ." 

Signatures: It is signed by 56 people from across the 13 colonies. Pennsylvania has the most representation (9) and is thus the best state.***

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On our birthday, I'd like to point out a few things: 

1) "We hold these truths to be self-evident . . ."

Our nation, like everything in our lives, is built on faith. On something you cannot prove, but a set of underlying assumptions you operate out of. (Recent books reviewed here talk more about this—see this book by Glenn Sunshine and this one by James K.A. Smith for more.) What were our founding fathers' assumptions? What are ours today? How have they changed? Why does it matter? Worthy questions for reflection.

2) How can we best enjoy (and leverage) our liberty? What does the Bible say about freedom? How are Biblical notions of freedom the same or different? How then should we live? (1 Peter 2:13-17 and Galatians 5:1-15 are good starting points.)

3) Enjoy and reflect on the truth in the below picture (from Etsy).

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*All related to governing America poorly; it doesn't get into personal factors like hygiene, though I suspect (given the realities of the age) that it would have been fair to include.

**Yes, we mean you, King.

***Go Birds

Midterm Report

image from here

Reflecting is important (more on that here). We're halfway through 2026. Each year, I set and present my goals for the year in January. Today, I remind myself of the goals and look at how it's going.

Spiritual
- Meditate more.
- Love self-forgetfully.
- Be thankful.

I don't meditate nearly enough. Loving self-forgetfully varies by the day (or hour, honestly), but I am doing a better job keeping it in my mind. And same goes for thankfulness; better than it was, but not where it should be.

Nutritional/Fitness
- Keep weight under 180 lbs.
- Develop underused muscles.

Meh. I stand at 185 lbs this morning, the point around which I have been hovering all year. I have put some muscle back on (after last year's shoulder surgery), but I still believe 180 lbs is my ideal. Need to bear down and be more disciplined. For underused muscles, I am making some effort there but not enough.

Reading
- Read 40 books.

This one is going well; over halfway there and enjoying the hobby.

Household Management
- Minimize/declutter the home.

We've made some minor strides here, but much remains to be done. It is hard getting the kids on-board.

Overall

Things are going okay, but could be better. The trends are positive but work remains.

Grade: B-

Go Spurs Go

They did it . . . again. For the seventh time in the past 28 years, the San Antonio Spurs are headed to the NBA Finals. As a Spurs fan since the David Robinson era, I've long admired their [now retired but still influential] Coach Pop, the teamwork they embody, and attitude, even after their championship runs with Tim Duncan ended (in 2016) and they started missing the playoffs (from 2020-2025, after making them for 22 years prior). Now . . . they're back! This post celebrates a great team and season.

How were they built? Mostly through the draft (see here for more details). The depth chart above shows the roster. The players were acquired via:

• draft: Stephon Castle, Devin Vassell, Victor Wembanyana, Dylan Harper, Keldon Johnson, Carter Bryant 
• trade: De'Aaron Fox, Harrison Barnes, Jordan McLaughlin, Kelly Olynyk
• free agency: Julian Champagnie, Luke Kornet, Bismack Biyombo, Mason Plumlee, Lindy Waters III

As they did with Tim Duncan in 2002, the Spurs 'lucked out' in draft lottery positioning, enabling them to get Wemby first overall in 2023, Castle fourth overall in 2024, and Harper second overall in 2025. The first two won Rookie of the Year in their respective campaigns. But it's not all about the draft . . . free agents and trades are often necessary to round things out. The Spurs have key contributors from both spheres, but none more important than De'Aaron Fox, who came over from Sacramento via trade last season.

Who are their stars? The Big Four are Wemby (the NBA's Defensive Player of the Year and MVP runner-up), Fox, Castle, and Harper. These four players give the Spurs a formidable center and deep backcourt (which also includes Keldon Johnson, the NBA's Sixth Man of the Year). Though not at the same level, the Spurs also have solid forwards in Vassell, Champagnie, Bryant, and Barnes.

Wemby and Fox (image from here)

Castle and Harper (image from here)

What does the future hold? Who knows, of course. Game One in this year's finals is on Wednesday, and the Knicks are formidable. (Sidenote: this is also a rematch of the 1998-99 Finals.) But beyond this year, the team is young and should be competitive for years to come. Do we have another Spurs dynasty on our hands? Far too early to say. But the future is bright in San Antonio . . . go Spurs go!

True Desire

Valentine's Day just passed, love is in the air. On my heart this month is . . . the heart.

We all have desires. Things that occupy our thoughts, take our time, drive us, and define us. Things that, if withheld, can destroy us, incapacitate us, embitter us, or sap our will to live.

The Bible talks a lot about desires; I look at some themes below.

A Promise

Delight yourself in the Lord, and he will give you the desires of your heart. (Psalm 37:4)

This is a famous verse. It is common to focus on the promise in the second half: "he will give you the desires of your heart." And generally we have some worldly object in view (true love, status, career, possessions, and so on). While it is true that God gives gifts and loves doing so (see Ephesians 4:8, 1 Corinthians 7:7, Luke 11:13, Matthew 7:11, James 1:17), this verse is not an 'equation' for getting worldly things. We must grapple with our fallen nature.

A Problem

Our desires are not inherently good. When man fell, our desires were corrupted and misguided.

• For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride of life—is not from the Father but is from the world. And the world is passing away along with its desires, but whoever does the will of God abides forever. (1 John 2:16-17)
• But each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire. (James 1:14)
• Whoever isolates himself seeks his own desire; he breaks out against all sound judgment. (Proverbs 18:1)
• Desire without knowledge is not good, and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way. (Psalm 19:2)

As God never tempts us to sin (James 1:13), so the desires mentioned in Psalm 37 must point to something else. Can our desires ever be good?

A New Hope

The Bible talks a lot about the newness we have in Christ. Our sinful nature remains, yet he is making all things new, and so we are commanded to put off the old man and putting on the new. 

• And those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.(Galatians 5:24)
• . . . put off your old self, which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires, (Ephesians 4:22)
• But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. For the desires of the flesh are against the Spirit, and the desires of the Spirit are against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, to keep you from doing the things you want to do. (Galatians 5:16-17)

So we can have good desires—if we walk by the Spirit.

True Desire

So in considering Psalm 37, we cannot lose sight of the first part of this verse: "delight yourself in the Lord."

If you delight in the Lord, what will the desire of your heart be? 

• Whom have I in heaven but you? And there is nothing on earth that I desire besides you. (Psalm 73:25)
• My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever. (Psalm 73:26)
• In the path of your judgments, O Lord, we wait for you; your name and remembrance are the desire of our soul. (Isaiah 26:8)

These verses humble. Can I honestly say there is nothing on earth that I desire besides God? That his name and remembrance are the desire of my soul? 

I too often desire God's stuff rather than God himself. And that, in the end, is the problem. 

I think Psalm 37:4 is not about earthly things but something much more important: God will be with those who seek him (Jeremiah 29:13). Only he can satisfy; he is the fountain of living water (Jeremiah 2:13) who can truly quench our thirst (John 4:13-14). And there's only one way to him: through Jesus Christ (John 14:6).

'If I find in myself desires which nothing in this world can satisfy, the only logical explanation is that I was made for another world.' - C.S. Lewis

What do you delight in? Lord, rightly order our desires.

Remembering the 2025 Eagles

The 2025 Eagles Depth Chart

Welp. The Eagles just lost their playoff game to the 49ers, 23-19, ending their 2025 season. It didn't end the way I wanted, but I still enjoyed the year. Here I reminisce on this past season.

The Eagles started the season strong, defending their Super Bowl win from the year prior. At 8-2 after ten games, things looked bright. Then they started melting down, losing the next three games. They rebounded to win three, dropped the meaningless finale, and then blew the game today through shaky offense, tough penalties, and dropped passes.

Though their record was 11-6, this year didn't look magical like last—offensively. The run game was often paltry. The entire offense would disappear for halves at a time, going 3-and-out way too often. And it looked stale, predictable, and weirdly lame. Their stars still got their yards, with 1K seasons for Brown, Smith, and Barkley, but it just wasn't the same. People blamed everything from new offensive coordinator Kevin Patullo to a banged-up offensive line to . . . whatever. The kicker wasn't as good as normal either. Today, it was a sadly representative showing: the kicker missed an XP, the offense dropped several balls, committed key penalties, and ultimately lost them the game.

At least their defense was amazing. I love a good defense, and Vic Fangio's unit continued their dominant play most of the year, looking overmatched or overwhelmed only a handful of times. Draft picks Jihaad Campbell and Andrew Mukuba shined in spots; the others played consistently well outside of CB2. That unit was the highlight of my year.

Their in-season pickups varied. They brought in RB Tank Bigsby and LB Jaelan Phillips, both of whom made an immediate impact. Their other trades weren't great and didn't solve the problems they had at CB2.

What makes these end-of-season games so hard is knowing who won't be back. With several key free agents, the Eagles cannot afford to keep them all. Here are the big names:

Offense: 

- Dallas Goedert, TE. He's had a great run in Philly but I don't see him staying.

- Lane Johnson, T. He's not a free agent but spent the last part of the season injured, and he is old. Will he retire?

- A.J. Brown, WR. He's not a free agent, either, but runs his mouth a lot and may be out the door.

Defense:

- Jaelan Phillips, LB. The in-season pickup would love to stay (I've read) but we'll see if they can afford him.

- Nakobe Dean, LB. Dean has gotten better over the years but is prone to injury. Love to see him stay, too, but we'll see. 

- Reed Blankenship, S. This undrafted find was great for the Birds for past four years. Don't know if he will re-sign.

Special Teams:

- Braden Mann, P. Punters matter, and hopefully he will be back.

There is a lot of talent in the list, but the Eagles should still have their core intact for another season at least (two if they manage it well). Looking ahead, I hope they:

- fire their OC (sorry, Kevin, but this unit needs a change)

- sign as many of the above free agents as they can

- rest/heal up. I wonder if the O-line looked off because of their extended run last year

Fittingly, today's message in church was on Luke 10:17-20, where Jesus shares with 72 of his disciples where they should find their joy. The answer? In neither success nor comfort, but that their names are written in heaven. That is our ultimate joy. 

Looking Ahead

And he who was seated on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” Also he said, “Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true.” -Revelation 21:5

The new year is upon us! It is our custom to treat this as a fresh start; this post muses on that.

Forget What is Behind . . .

In Philippians, Paul reminds his readers about the need to strive for improvement (knowing God better):

Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect, but I press on to make it my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own. Brothers, I do not consider that I have made it my own. But one thing I do: forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus. (Philippians 3:12-14)

Note that Paul says "forgetting what lies behind." My pastor points out that this is everything—the good and bad! It is easy to either focus on our past successes (and revel in them beyond their due) or failures (and wallow in worldly sorrow, which produces death). The Bible calls us to do neither, but to "press on toward the goal . . . of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus."

Striving More and More . . .

We make resolutions, and should! This reflects the Biblical truths and calls to do so. In Thessalonians, Paul states: 

Finally, then, brothers, we ask and urge you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us how you ought to walk and to please God, just as you are doing, that you do so more and more. (1 Thessalonians 4:1)

Do so "more and more." The Thessalonians were doing a good job—Paul calls them to keep growing. It doesn't matter how good you are; you can always improve. As we increase in obedience and holiness, we will more vividly recognize how far we [still] are from the perfection God demands. There is always room for improvement.

Because of God's Strength . . .

Back in Philippians, Paul reminds us why we need to strive more and more. 

Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, so now, not only as in my presence but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure. (Philippians 2:12-14)

Many modern stories focus on "inner strength" and "believing in yourself." This distorts the truth and puts the focus on us. The Bible is clear that our strength comes from God. Without Him we can do nothing (John 15:5), and He supports us (Romans 11:18). We can (and must) strive more and more because God is our strength.

Knowing the End . . .

And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ. (Philippians 1:6)

This is one of the most encouraging verses in Scripture. God promises to complete what He starts. As I look at my life, I see lots of folly, flaws, and failures. Lessons I (apparently) haven't mastered even after years of walking with Christ. Deep-rooted selfishness and rebellion. That is demoralizing. But I see something else, too—I see progress. Even if it is small, even if it is incomplete, even if it is slow . . . I see maturity. And that is due to God (see previous point), which means He has started something. And that means He will complete it. God keeps His promises. We thus run the race with anticipation and even joy (see next point). We know how this story ends.

And Living in Joy.

For he will not much remember the days of his life because God keeps him occupied with joy in his heart. (Ecclesiastes 5:20)

Ecclesiastes talks a lot about vanity. The vanity of striving after possessions, pleasures, and so on. The general message (summarized in this excellent commentary) is "life is gift, not gain." We strive not for gain itself but to better and more joyfully know, rest in, and reflect Christ.

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Looking ahead to 2026, may this year see great growth. But remember that "spiritual disciplines are not about making you more precious to God. They're about making God more precious to you." - Matt Smethurst

The Year in Review

As is my custom, I find it helpful to reflect upon the good and the bad of 2025.  I start the year with goals; this post looks back at some of them and considers other factors we experienced this year.

Spiritual

My goals here:

- Be disciplined in reading/prayer routines (and reduce putzing).
- Do devotionals with the family twice a week.
- Serve better, but in fewer roles.
- Focus more on others. Figure out balance with competing needs.

Some good things here. Prayer was better from mid-year on, when I started doing evening quiet times (in addition to morning) with better regularity. And I now do Sunday morning 'prayer walks' for about an hour, which has been transformative. Humbling but good and necessary.

I did not do devotionals with the family nearly enough.

I stepped down from two roles this year (one 'permanently' and the other temporarily), which was needed to better focus on the family and my own spiritual disciplines. That has been helpful, yet life remains overwhelming at times due to the busyness of the season (lots of activities and obligations for all five of us). Overall, though, this was a positive year spiritually.

Nutritional/Fitness

My goals here:

- Get (and keep) weight under 185 lbs.
- Eat more fruit/vegetables. Eat out less.
- Improve gut health.
- Complete 270 workouts; bike 1200 miles.

Weight loss achieved! For the first time since college, I dropped my weight under 180 lbs (my low was 175). I am just over 180 today, as the holiday eating has taken its tool, but am confident I can stay at/under 180 moving forward. What a blessing. The keys for me have been eating less (and better) and walking more (doing an evening mile walk plus other things). 

I completed 272 workouts, which is satisfactory. I had shoulder surgery in April that knocked out a month, but I was able to hit 1000 miles on the bike, making it the first time I've done 1K in consecutive years.

Most workouts were gym, bike rides, and yardwork. Including the past few years' totals for reference:

2023: 22 runs for 54 miles, 182 gym workouts, 58 bike rides for 623 miles, 15 hikes/walks for 55 miles, 21 mow/yardwork, 113 hours spent working on the basement.

2024: 12 runs for 25 miles, 169 gym workouts, 82 bike rides for 1119 miles, 9 mow/yardwork, 13 'other' (hikes, etc.)

2025: 9 runs for 14 miles, 127 gym workouts, 92 bike rides for 1015 miles, 34 hikes for ~95 miles, 10 yard work (mowing/shoveling)

Reading
My goals here:

- Read 50 books.
- Read 15 works at my American Reading List.
- Minimize my owned-but-unread pile

I read 55 books, and kept my 'owned but unread' pile at an okay number. My post here caps this year's book recommendations. I read only 5 works on my ARL. Overall, though, I'm satisfied.

Household Management

My goal here:

- Minimize stuff in the home.
- Figure out ideal home organization.
- Buy less/budget better.

Buying less went pretty well until November, where the sales got me. I need to be better about ending the year well. Our home still has too many things. We made some home organization strides, but not enough. This one needs improvement.

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Conclusion
Looking across the categories above, it was a pretty good year. Here's to a better 2026. "Never stop starting."

Thus Concludes 2025

Another reading year "in the books." This post recaps the year and presents what I consider the best of the bunch.

I read 55 books this year, totaling 14,487 pages—about 40 pages a day. My average rating was 89.6/100.

Of the 55 books, 0 were audiobooks, 2 were eBooks, and 16 were borrowed from the library or friends. By genre, I read 6 fantasy books, 16 religion, 19 graphic novels, 6 literature, and a smattering of others.

I chipped away at my 240-book American Reading List (presented in four parts: here, here, here, here) and read four titles on those lists. I re-read The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. I studied theology books to prepare for a Sunday school class I am developing. And I kept my 'owned but unread' pile to a reasonable size.

Here are my top ten reads from this year:

The ESV Chronological Bible
Andrew Peterson: North! Or Be Eaten

- Also check out the others in that series!

Marilynne Robinson: Home

Tim Keller: Every Good Endeavor

Kevin DeYoung: Daily Doctrine

Richard Osman: The Thursday Murder Club

James K.A. Smith: On the Road with Saint Augustine

Herman Bavinck: The Certainty of Faith

J.R.R. Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings

Various: Batman, Volume 1: The Court of Owls

Happy reading!

Looking Back

Remember the days of old;
consider the years of many generations;
ask your father, and he will show you,
your elders, and they will tell you.

- Deuteronomy 32:7

2025 is soon over. The turning of the year is typically a time of reflection and anticipation; today, I focus on the former.

The Bible calls us to remember. The word shows up 234 times in the ESV. Some of those are featured in specific stories (e.g. Genesis 30:22), some are God remembering His covenant and people (e.g. Leviticus 26:40-45, Jeremiah 31:20), and some are a broadly-applicable call to all of God's people to remember three things:

- they were slaves and rebellious (e.g. Deuteronomy 5:15, Deuteronomy 9:7, Isaiah 17:10, Isaiah 46:8-13, Ezekiel 36:31)

- they were freed by God; He has done marvelous things (e.g. Deuteronomy 5:15, Deuteronomy 15:15, 1 Chronicles 16:8-18, Psalm 77:11, Psalm 105:5, Ephesians 2:11-13)

- they owe the Lord their obedience (e.g. Numbers 15:39-41, Psalm 103:15-18, Revelation 3:3, 2 Peter 3:1-2)

We were slaves to sin. God freed us. We owe Him our lives. As you think back on 2025, keep these three things in mind. Our reflections tend to focus on our specific achievements or trials, and yet a year is not defined by our victories (or failures). We are called to focus on and remember the Lord, who while we were sinners died to set us free (Romans 5:8). May we reflect on the ways (large and small) the Lord has shown us mercies this past year; they were new every morning (Lamentations 3:22-23), whether we recognized them or not.

LOTR: Book vs. Films

Last month, I finished re-reading The Lord of the Rings. This post reflects on the book vs. the films. I've done this before; this post will complement my original.

The Differences

1) So many things are condensed (or omitted) in the films. In my original post, I mentioned a few, but there are others. What I noted this time around:

- Frodo and Sam (and others, as they join) take much longer to get to Rivendell. Many days and adventures, including an encounter with elves (led by Gildor), a supper with Farmer Maggot, a stay in Frodo's new house (he sold Bag End), a journey in the Old Forest (with Old Man Willow, Tom Bombadil, and Goldberry), the Barrow Wights, the long walk from Bree to Rivendell (with Glorfindel's aid towards the end).

- The Council of Elrond (and the fellowship's overall stay there) is much longer.

- Their time in the Mines of Moria is longer, and events rearranged [but largely retained] between book and film.

- Their time in the Forests of Lothlorien is much longer, and we get to see the Elvish city Caras Galadhon [which we see in passing in the extended edition of the film].

- Merry and Pippin's time with the Ents is drawn out over days, and includes a stay in Treebeard's house.

- Frodo and Sam's time in Emyn Muil navigating the rocks.

- Gamling's role in Rohan. (He is in the films, but Eomer takes the dominant role)

- Theoden/Rohan's journey to Isengard after the Battle of Helm's Deep.

- Aragorn's journey to summon the Army of the Dead (and their subsequent actions before, but not during, the Battle of Pelennor Fields).

- Theoden's/Rohan's journey to Pelennor Fields and his encounters with (and assistance from) the wild men of the mountains.

- Prince Imrahil and his army's role at Pelennor Fields.

- The Healing House in Minas Tirith and people therein (Ioreth and others).

- The entire story after the destruction of the One Ring. This includes Aragorn's assumption as king and his activities there, the Scouring of the Shire (and Battle of Bywater), and other elements.

2) A few things were extended in the films compared to the books. Off the top of my head:

- The humor of Merry and Pippin. They provided very occasional and mild comedy in the books (about the same as Frodo and Sam); that was drawn out heavily in the films as they were made the comic relief.

- The Righting of Theoden's mind.

- Aragorn's interactions with Arwen and Eowyn. Those relationships were the romantic interests in the films and played up to maximum effect.

- Aragorn and claiming (or fearing) his kingship.

- The Battles of Helm's Deep and Pelennor Fields. Pinnacles of the second two films were raced through in the books.

3) Characters that got more (or less) screen time than page time.

- Who got more screen time: Arwen, Eowyn, Theoden, Legolas, and Aragorn stood out to me

- Who got less: Radagast, Glorfindel, Tom Bombadil/Goldberry, Gamling stood out 

- The below graphic is helpful and has more comparisons. (copied from Facebook)

The Similarities (in Spirit)

I'll keep this short, but what I mention below is huge.

1) The overall story.

2) The main characters.

3) The iconic quotes. Though who said them and when may differ, I was impressed with just how much dialogue from the books made it into the movies.

4) The 'tone' of the world. You know you're in an ancient story with much impression of depth. 

Overall

I think they did an amazing job capturing the spirit of the books in the films. Yes, many things had to be condensed. (I found this mildly ironic, as people complain the films are so long.) As always, the books pack in so much more. But what works on the page doesn't always work on the screen—the medium is the message, as Neil Postman would say. And the changes they made for a visual representation in large part made sense to me.

Many people have a favorite book that was ruined by a movie adaptation. I'm thrilled that LOTR managed to be a hit in both worlds. These artifacts should be (and probably are) used in a storytelling class, looking at the art of conveying the same story in different media.

A friend in need

"A friend in need is a friend indeed." Most of us know this saying; I never really thought about it until now. A curious expression, when you think about it, because often the opposite happens: we hide our needs from friends (and everyone), or we run from those who are needy. This has me thinking: what does it mean to be a friend? What does friendship look like?

The Bible talks a lot about friendship, looking at both the blessing it can be and also the reality of how our fallen state can affect such relationships. I'll start with the latter.

How Sin Affects Friendship

Job talks a lot about how his friends deserted him during this trials, and Proverbs talks about how people can be drawn to the rich as friends and ignore the poor. These are both pictures of what can happen because of our sinfulness, but are not upheld as being right. 

Job (and Psalms) talk about how people can react when we fall on hard times:

My relatives have failed me, my close friends have forgotten me. (Job 19:14)
All my intimate friends abhor me, and those whom I loved have turned against me. (Job 19:19)

My friends and companions stand aloof from my plague, and my nearest kin stand far off. (Psalm 38:11)

Proverbs talks about wealth and friendship:

Wealth brings many new friends, but a poor man is deserted by his friend. (Proverbs 19:4)

The poor is disliked even by his neighbor, but the rich has many friends. (Proverbs 14:20)

All a poor man's brothers hate him; how much more do his friends go far from him! He pursues them with words, but does not have them. (Proverbs 19:7)

In both cases, the selfishness of man is revealed. We tend to be drawn to the successful and prosperous, and want to hang out with people from whom we can get something: some social or material benefit through our association. And yet, this is not how it should be, and such things do not profit or satisfy. Look at celebrities, who can be flush with cash and surrounded by 'friends' yet miserable—such people must wonder "are these people here because they love me, or because they love my wealth and status?" 

Things are not the way they are supposed to be, and the Bible recognizes this. It also shows the right way; true friendship is a great blessing.

True Friendship and its Blessings

Looking across the Scriptures, I would characterize friends as those who do three things: bear burdens, rejoice together, and challenge each other.

Bear burdens (help each other): 

Friends help each other, in good times and bad. "Bear one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ." (Galatians 6:2) There is a self-sacrificial component to this: "Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends." (John 15:13) And it is regardless of circumstances: "A friend loves at all times, and a brother is born for adversity." (Proverbs 17:17)

Helping each other entails meeting both physical and spiritual needs. In Acts, we read that Paul was reliant upon friends for his physical needs: "The next day we put in at Sidon. And Julius treated Paul kindly and gave him leave to go to his friends and be cared for." (Acts 27:3)

Friends can help us when we fall (either physically or spiritually). "Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their toil. For if they fall, one will lift up his fellow. But woe to him who is alone when he falls and has not another to lift him up! Again, if two lie together, they keep warm, but how can one keep warm alone? And though a man might prevail against one who is alone, two will withstand him—a threefold cord is not quickly broken." (Ecclesiastes 4:9-12) This includes confessing sin to each other (see James 5:16).

Rejoice together:

Friends share joys, too. See Luke 15:3-10; friends celebrate good things that happen to each other:

So he told them this parable: “What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he has lost one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the open country, and go after the one that is lost, until he finds it? And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep that was lost.’ Just so, I tell you, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance. “Or what woman, having ten silver coins, if she loses one coin, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and seek diligently until she finds it? And when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the coin that I had lost.’ Just so, I tell you, there is joy before the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”

Challenge each other:

This is where modern friendships (in America, anyway) can be glaringly deficient. Too often, we want to support our friends by agreeing with them, even when they may be on a dangerous path. We all need to be rebuked sometimes, and a true friend is one who does that. Consider these verses:

Iron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another. (Proverbs 27:17)

Faithful are the wounds of a friend; profuse are the kisses of an enemy. (Proverbs 27:6)

Oil and perfume make the heart glad, and the sweetness of a friend comes from his earnest counsel. (Proverbs 27:9)

We should not (necessarily) go to friends for affirmation of all we are feeling, but for honest counsel and rebuke where needed. 

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How do your friendships rank on these matters? It is interesting to me that most of our friendships are those who are in the same life stage and have similar hobbies or interests: we are going through the same things and like the same things. These are not bad things, but the Bible doesn't speak to those. It discusses the above three categories, all of which imply 1) physical proximity and 2) spending time together. So you can be friends with someone who is much older or younger, and you may or may not have the same interests. 

Take stock of your life. Do you have people in it that bear your burdens, share your joys, and counsel you? Do you do these things for others? What can you do to be a true friend?

Twenty Years Hitched

Last week, my wife and I celebrated our twentieth wedding anniversary. This posts reflects on marriage and some things I've learned along the way.

1) You'll learn more about yourself . . . and it ain't pretty.

When I got engaged, my friend congratulated me but added an intriguing message: "you're about to find out how selfish you are." He was right. Marriage shows you how selfish you are. Why?

The Bible makes it clear that no one is righteous; nobody seeks God (Romans 3:9-18). God ordained marriage and states that the two become one (Genesis 2:18-24); you will know (and be known by) your spouse better than anyone else on this Earth. Part of that is knowing their sin (and learning your own). Your true self comes to bear; any masks you might wear (consciously or otherwise) in front of others will come off over time. You will see deep ugliness in yourself and your spouse. You will see each other at your worst. 

2) Both spouses need forgiveness and grace.

You will fail in many ways (see point 1). Your spouse will, too. Thankfully, there is forgiveness and grace. We need to bear with and forgive each other (Colossians 3:12-14) early and often (Matthew 18:21-22), remembering we have been forgiven a much greater debt in Christ (Matthew 18:23-35). Similarly, we are to treat each other with grace (unmerited favor), as the Lord treats us (John 1:14-17).

3) Love is self-sacrificial, not transactional.

There are many passages on love in the Bible. I've looked at what it means to love others in recent posts (here, here, and here). From various Bible passages, I summarized love with this definition: "Love is the self-sacrificial and self-forgetful care for and building up of others demonstrated by action, affection, attitude, endurance, and optimism." One key aspect is the self-sacrificial/forgetful nature of love.

It is easy (for me) to be transactional. It can be especially so in marriage. "You do this for me, and I'll do that for you." There can be a time and a place for such things—like divvying up chores—but true love does not take into account their actions for you when choosing your actions for them. Loving my wife means doing the right thing for her even if/when she doesn't return the favor. That is tremendously hard, but it is ultimately freeing to care for others without thought of their care for you. 

As a counselor once told me, our job is to "trust and obey." For things in my control, obey (do the right thing). For things outside of my control, trust (that God will work). Ephesians shows how Christ's self-sacrificial love affects us, and relates it to marriage:

Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her,  that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, so that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish. In the same way husbands should love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. (Ephesians 5:25-28) 

There are no guarantees, but it is what we are called to do. 

4) Love is a choice. It takes work.

There are many emotions in love; not all are romantic or pleasant. In twenty years of marriage, there have been plenty of cases where good feelings weren't there. But going back to the definition of love, the main point is to care for and build up your spouse. That manifests itself in dozens of choices each day regardless of feeling. You can be mad at your spouse and love them. You can disagree and still care. You can be hurt and still choose to love. It's hard work. But worth it.

5) It is easy (but wrong) to put the kids first.

This is a common problem, in the church and culture. Once kids come along, they tend to take center stage, and life revolves around them and their activities. Years later, they move out, and the spouses can realize they don't even know each other anymore. This is not the way it should be. Take time to connect with your spouse—daily. They are your most important earthly relationship, bar none.

6) Marriage is sanctifying; one of the hardest (and best) things you will ever do.

It's been said that there is nothing better than a good marriage, and nothing worse than a bad one. It is constantly sanctifying; we die to self as we grow, forgive each other, and strive to put away our selfishness, looking to love the other before ourselves.

Most marriages I've witnessed have had elements of good and bad. If you strive to bear each other's burdens, share each other's joys, and walk in the same direction [living life in the Gospel and learning what God has for the two of you each step of the way], things will be good. If you don't (and there will be plenty of times when that happens), things will be rough. See point 2. 

7) Focus on God is key.

It is impossible to have a good marriage without God's strength. Your relationship with God precedes everything, and from that flows strength to love your spouse. Only through Jesus can you do so, for 'with men it is impossible, but with God all things are possible' (Matthew 19:26). In Jesus we live and move and have our being (Acts 17:28), and without Him we can do nothing (John 15:5). 

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The above is not exhaustive, but it is a start. I'm glad I married my wife (I still question her decision). It's not always easy, but I'd rather walk a hard road with her than an easy road without. It is not good for man to be alone (Genesis 2:18); thank you, Lord, for marriage. And for forgiveness.

Loving God

In July, I did a series of posts on love, looking at a Bible-based definition, AI's take, and love's object. Those posts were generic, yet the focus was on loving people. Today, I look at what it means to love God.

My definition of love from the first linked post above was as follows:

Love is the self-sacrificial and self-forgetful care for and building up of others demonstrated by action, affection, attitude, endurance, and optimism.

I think that reasonably covers what it means to love other people, but does all of that apply to God? We can't care for or build up God. Yet Jesus says the first and great commandment is that "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind." (Matthew 22:36-38).

So what does loving God look like? How can we love Him with all our heart, soul, and mind?

One important factor is obedience. If we love God we will keep his commandments (John 14:15). That means keeping God's law, but not in a legalistic way as the Pharisees were famous for doing (Matthew 5:19-20); they would tithe down to the most precise amount, yet neglect weightier things (Matthew 23:23). So an important aspect of obedience is doing so in the spirit of the law, not just the letter. The letter kills, spirit gives life (2 Corinthians 3:5-6), and we should live by the Spirit, not by the letter (Romans 2:28-29). For example, the letter of the law says 'do not murder' (Exodus 20:13), but Jesus clarifies that the spirit of that law is not just murder, but even angry thoughts or insults (Matthew 5:21-22). The bar is high. To love God is to obey him. But is that all?

It's not just about obeying; another factor is humility. One aspect of love is sacrifice for another; the Lord demands sacrifice for several reasons in Scripture. Yet the Psalmist recognizes our heart plays a factor here and is ultimately what matters: "The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise." (Psalm 51:16-17). God is opposed to the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall (Proverbs 16:18). And one summary of what God requires is to do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with God (Micah 6:8). Why all this emphasis on humility? It is the right response to our sinful state in light of God's holiness. Richard Sibbes wrote a book on the topic; with him, we rightly approach God saying "be merciful to me, a sinner" (Luke 18:9-14). He who humbles himself will be exalted. 

A third factor is gratitude. You can be obedient and even humble but wallow in misery, yet the Bible calls us repeatedly to be thankful. Psalm 50 is helpful here, as it deals with sacrifices in general. After explaining that the Earth is the Lord's (verses 10-13), he says "Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving" (verse 14) and "The one who offers thanksgiving as his sacrifice glorifies me" (verse 23). We see the theme also in Psalm 107:22 and 116:17. Thankfulness is the right response to recognizing that the Lord loves and has blessed us. And related to thankfulness is enjoying life, which we are called to in Ecclesiastes (see especially 9:7-9 and this book). Life itself is a gift from God, and enjoying what is given to us is a way to show love to the one who gave it. Experientially, anyone who is a parent knows this: we give ourselves for our children, knowing that they cannot pay us back or earn it. Yet they can be thankful for and enjoy it. And we feel loved when they do so.

A fourth factor is time. When you love someone, you want to spend time with them. We spend time with God in three ways: Scripture, meditation, and prayer. We are called to store up and abide in His word (Psalm 119:15, 2 Timothy 3:16, Colossians 3:16, John 5:38), meditate on His law and deeds (Joshua 1:8, Psalm 77:12 or 119:15), and pray without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17, Romans 12:12). Jesus clearly made the same a priority, frequently withdrawing to pray (Luke 5:15-16, Mark 1:35). Time with God shows love for God.

So how do we love God? Obedience, humility, gratitude, and time. There may be more, but there is certainly not less. And, if you're like me, you constantly fall short in all of these areas. May we obey God, be humble, be thankful, and spend time with Him this day.